Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) affects up to 80% of menstruating individuals and manifests in diverse ways ranging from mood shifts to fluid retention, cravings, and fatigue. This in-depth article explores the pathophysiological roots of PMS through the lens of hormonal imbalances and stress adaptation, and presents evidence-based herbal interventions tailored to its subtypes: PMS-A (Anxiety), PMS-C (Cravings), PMS-D (Depression), and PMS-H (Hyperhydration).

Many species of pine have been used traditionally since at least the Middle Ages in Europe and likely in the preceding years throughout indigenous cultures across continents, with most species of the genus sharing similar medicinal qualities.

This article briefly summarises some of the uses and applications of Pine in the context of health & wellbeing.

There are many reasons why people cease substance use and experience withdrawal so when treating the client, a person-centred approach is essential including ongoing bio-psycho-social and spiritual support with integrative therapy, especially in cases of treatment-resistant or chronically relapsing SUD.

CBD-dominant cannabis extracts are well-tolerated in the older adult population with little report of unwanted side-effects, making it a safer option than many pharmaceutical interventions which often exhibit potentially damaging effects on the microbiota, which would otherwise contribute a major protective role in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease.